Holdens Depression in The Catcher in the Rye Essay

Nineteen million American adults suffer from a major case of depression (Web MD). That is a staggering one in every fifteen people (2 in our classroom alone). Holden Caulfield is clearly one of those people. Depression is a disease that leads to death but is also preventable. Psychology, stressful events, and prescription drugs are causes of depression. Stressful events brought on Holden’s depression. Holden has been trying to withstand losing a brother, living with careless parents, and not having many friends. The Catcher in the Rye is a book that takes us through the frazzled life of Holden Caulfield, who appears to be just a regular teen. But by hearing his thoughts and through heart-wrenching events in the book, the reader learns that†¦show more content†¦When he met up with Sally, Holden was so excited. He got to the meeting place early and eagerly awaited her arrival. Instead of going to see a movie, as previously planned, they went ice skating. Sally and Holde n have a wonderful time ice skating. After skating, and during dinner, Holden has this peculiar idea about moving away with Sally to Massachusetts or Vermont. She firmly rejects the idea. â€Å"Why not, why the hell not?† says Holden (132). Holden has a strong negative reaction to Sally, asking her why she won’t go with him. Holden acted in an irrational manner. After they argue Sally leaves him abruptly. Holden’s unrealistic request and overreaction to Sally’s response was induced by his depression. The second example J.D. Salinger uses to show that Holden’s depression is not only affecting him, but the people around him, is through Phoebe. Phoebe is Holden’s younger sister. Even though their ages are significantly different, they get along well with each other. Phoebe does very well in school and she also has other talents like dancing. She is a happy, well adjusted child. After Holden gets kicked out of Pencey as a result of his depressio n, Phoebe becomes angry when she guesses why he came home early. She angrily exclaims, â€Å"You did get kicked out! You did!† (165) Phoebe cares for Holden and his failure in school upsets her. This shows how his depression has a ripple effect and reaches his relationship with Phoebe. An additional example in which J.D.Show MoreRelated Holdens Depression in Catcher in the Rye Essay754 Words   |  4 PagesThe Catcher in the Rye, by J.D. Salinger, portrays Holden Caulfield as a manic-depressive. Holden uses three techniques throughout the novel to cope with his depression. He smokes, drinks, and talks to Allie. Although they may not be positive, Holden finds comfort in these three things. Holden smokes a lot when he is nervous, or bored. When the stripper is in his room he noticed that she is shaking her foot as if she is nervous. He offers her a cigarette, twice. Both times she says no. Holden offersRead More Holdens Depression in J.D. Salingers The Catcher in the Rye 1546 Words   |  7 Pages Everybody feels depressed at some time or another in their lives.   However, it becomes a problem when depression is so much a part of a persons life that he or she can no longer  experience happiness.   This  happens to the young boy, Holden Caulfield in J.D Salingers novel, The Catcher in the Rye.   Mr. Antolini accurately views the cause of Holdens depression as his lack of personal motivation, his inability to self-reflect and his stubbornness to overlook the obvious which collectivelyRead MoreHoldens Depression and Self-Doubt in Salingers Catcher in the Rye734 Words   |  3 PagesAs Eugene McNamara stated in his essay â€Å"Holden Caulfield as Novel ist†, Holden, of J.D. Salinger’s novel Catcher in the Rye, had met with long strand of betrayals since he left Pencey Prep. These disappointments led him through the adult world with increasing feelings of depression and self-doubt, leading, finally to his mental breakdown. Holden’s first betrayal was that of his memory and innocence by an egotistical peer. At Pencey Prep, he roomed with a student named Stradlater; the epitome ofRead MoreA Socially Acceptable Form Of Schizophrenia1055 Words   |  5 Pagesstill be acceptable. J.D. Salinger writes The Catcher in the Rye to tell about Holden Caulfield s misadventures in a 1950’s New York. After Holden, the narrator and protagonist, is expelled from yet another boarding school, he hides it from his parents. Mental illness plagues Holden’s life, and at the end of the book, he ends up in a mental hospital in California. Holden Caulfield could be diagnosed with schizophrenia because in The Catcher in the Rye, he exhibits signs of the illness, such as frequentRead More Comparing A Separate Peace and The Catcher in the Rye Essay example1500 Words   |  6 PagesComparing A Separate Peace and The Catcher in the Rye The coming of age novels, The Catcher in the Rye, written by J.D. Salinger, and A Separate Peace, written by John Knowles, both interpret the lives of adolescent boys journeying through their conflicts and inner confusion to reach the level of maturity. Salinger and Knowles both discern the literal ways a typical teenager grows up with the help of literary elements such as plot, setting, character development, conflicts, irony, symobolismRead MoreF. Salinger s The Catcher Of The Rye1121 Words   |  5 PagesOne of the best known novels in English-speaking countries, J.D Salinger’s Catcher In The Rye deals with Holden Caulfield’s past trauma which is the triggering factor in his depression, anxiety and alienation. Holden tells an unnamed person what has happened in the three days prior to his mental breakdown. Through Holden’s relatable characteristics and Salinger’s narrative treatment, the book continues to engage audiences across generations. The way that Salinger writes gives the audience a veryRead MoreComparison and Contrast of a Separate Peace and Catcher in the Rye1515 Words   |  7 PagesComparison and Contrast Essay A Separate Peace and The Catcher in the Rye The coming of age novels, The Catcher in the Rye, written by J.D. Salinger, and A Separate Peace, written by John Knowles, both interpret the lives of adolescent boys journeying through their conflicts and inner confusion to reach the level of maturity. Salinger and Knowles both discern the literal ways a typical teenager grows up with the help of literary elements such as plot, setting, character development, conflictsRead MoreThe Catcher In The Rye Analysis1657 Words   |  7 PagesOne must inevitably confront the daunting face of adulthood. In J. D. Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye, Salinger depicts the disheartening journey from adolescence to adulthood that Holden Caulfield endures. Although holden seeks the freedoms that mark adulthood, he has yet to take up the role of a truly mature citizen as the society conforming nature of those adults disgust him, leading him to his gradual mental decline. J. D. Salinger uses the immature character of Holden Caulfield as a me ansRead MoreThe Catcher in the Rye by J.D.Salinger983 Words   |  4 PagesThe Catcher in the Rye, by J.D Salinger, is a classic novel that recognize as a perfect tale of teenage rebellion. Salinger highlights the impacts of depression in this novel. After the World War II, The Catcher in the Rye became so popular because it was the first book that revealed the true feelings of teenager. Holden Caulfield, the main character in the novel, symbolizes a teenager revolting against a society and struggles to transit into an adult world. Moreover, his personality reveals uncertaintyRead MoreCatcher and the Rye Essay1382 Words   |  6 Pagesnovel The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger expresses the free will of choice. Salinger cleverly conveys how decisions can alter a person’s perspective of their peer. Holden Caulfield, the protagonist, is a young teenager who has emotional instability and behavioral concerns. Holden acts immaturely extensively throughout the book. Holden inv ents a world where adulthood is the emblem of superficiality and â€Å"phoniness†, while he chooses to convey childhood as a world of innocence. Holden’s observation

We are Living in an Age of Knowledge Economy Built on...

We are living in the age of knowledge economy. The most essential push to economic development in this time is the accessibility to skilled labor. Skilled labor requires investment in current education. The further the level of education of the people, the better prepared they are to understand new material, acquire new skills and familiarize themselves with new technologies. Many studies have already reinforced the view that education and economic progression are related (Mankiew et al., 1992). There is a solid link between these two categories. Education adds to economic growth and with that, economic growth supplies to human well being by furthering available opportunities for them. Education certainly has an effect on many aspects of life. It improves the living standard of the people. The progress of economy means the rise in per capita income. For example, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, those with only a high school education are twice as likely to be unemployed as those with at least a bachelor’s degree (Rothwell, 2013). Within the employed, the average college educated worker earns 84 percent more than the average worker with only a high school education. Even those with just some college and no degree or an associate’s degree earn 16 percent more. College educated workers are much more likely to be in the labor force (Rothwell, 2013). By increasing per capita income, education allows people to be more aware about their own and family health asShow MoreRelatedImmigration And Its Impact On America Essay1239 Words   |  5 Pagesconstitutes a model for other nations. In that sense, every immigrant that set foot on the American soil, contributed to the creation of the political, social and cultural American power house. 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Definition of Core Concepts†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..3 a) Production Offshoring.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...3 b) Labor Force†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 3. Beneficial Impacts†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 4. Harmful Impacts†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7 5.Read MoreIn The Late 20Th Century, Technology Began Advancing So1884 Words   |  8 PagesIn the late 20th century, technology began advancing so quickly that entire world economies underwent extraordinary transformations in very little time. 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Strategic Planning Essay Example For Students

Strategic Planning Essay MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING ESSAY 1998/99The development of a strategic plan is essential to the achievement of organisational goals. Discuss. The development of a strategic plan is an essential part of strategic management accounting. If carried out to its full credibility the organisation will achieve its goals. It is important to note that the strategic plan is set for long term planning, as much as 3-5 years. It has been established that a strategic plan requires the specification of objectives distinguished between three key elements, forming a hierarchy: the mission of an organisation, corporate objectives and unit objectives. These objectives are the first stage of the strategic plan, before the organisation has to ask, and answer, three simple but vital questions;1) Where are we now?2) Where do we want to be? (long term)3) How are we going to get there?This is where we bring analysis such as SWOT analysis, the Boston matrix, the value chain and the Ansoff matrix into the plan. We will write a custom essay on Strategic Planning specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Corporate objectives relate to the organisation as a whole. They are expressed in financial terms, such as desired profit or sales levels, return on capital employed (ROCE), rates of growth or market share, and are normally measurable in some way. Formulated by members of the board, or directors to be handed down to senior management. United Biscuits corporate objectives in their annual report of 1985 were;The most important objective remains the achievement of a minimum return of 20% on average capital employees, with a target return of 25%.2Unit objectives relate to the specific objectives of individual units within the organisation, such as a division or one company within a holding company. The unit objectives for costain group plc in their annual report of 1986 were;In the UK costain Homes is budgeted to sell 2500 homes in 1987, a figure that will put it among the top ten house builders.3Before the corporate and unit objectives are incorporated one must start with the mission, and the basic concepts which involve vision statement, mission statement, goals and objectives. The first thing is to establish the long-term strategic aims of the organisation, otherwise known as corporate planning. A vision statement would be drawn up first and is simply a vague sentence expressing the positive effect it will have on society and is often used to say how the world will become a better place due to the existence of the proposal(s). This is often linked with the mission statement, and some companies may even omit the vision and focus only on the mission. This emphasis more on the specific role that the organisation plans. It describes in very general terms the broad purpose and reason for its existence, the nature of the business(es) it is in, and the customers it seeks to serve and satisfy over the long run. The mission statement for international company Virgin is very simple, very brief but informative as to what they wanted to put across, and is simply;The direct ors aim to develop virgin into the leading British international media and entertainment group.4Equally important are the goals and objectives. Firstly the organisational goals, the aims that the company strives to incorporate and achieve. These are a more detailed breakdown of what the mission states. They will be defined for different groups of shareholders. As one would expect, organisational goals are established for shorter time frames and are of unquantified sources. Goals can be a little ambiguous, they can be expressed in simple terms, for example, to make a profit, or in a wider area, to increase productivity. Therefore such goals can be taken for granted and so tell us little about the emphasis placed on the various activities of the organisation in meeting those goals. On the other hand one can say how vitally important they are. They provide a basis for planning and management control, guidelines for decision making and justification for the actions taken. The goals that the company set out in their report will be different to that received by the individuals, groups or departments of that same company. The goals will help to develop commitment of these people and so focuses attention on purposeful behaviour providing a basis for motivation and rewards. .u6a1b78472fc5c67a421bc415b7a211ab , .u6a1b78472fc5c67a421bc415b7a211ab .postImageUrl , .u6a1b78472fc5c67a421bc415b7a211ab .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6a1b78472fc5c67a421bc415b7a211ab , .u6a1b78472fc5c67a421bc415b7a211ab:hover , .u6a1b78472fc5c67a421bc415b7a211ab:visited , .u6a1b78472fc5c67a421bc415b7a211ab:active { border:0!important; } .u6a1b78472fc5c67a421bc415b7a211ab .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6a1b78472fc5c67a421bc415b7a211ab { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6a1b78472fc5c67a421bc415b7a211ab:active , .u6a1b78472fc5c67a421bc415b7a211ab:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6a1b78472fc5c67a421bc415b7a211ab .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6a1b78472fc5c67a421bc415b7a211ab .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6a1b78472fc5c67a421bc415b7a211ab .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6a1b78472fc5c67a421bc415b7a211ab .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6a1b78472fc5c67a421bc415b7a211ab:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6a1b78472fc5c67a421bc415b7a211ab .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6a1b78472fc5c67a421bc415b7a211ab .u6a1b78472fc5c67a421bc415b7a211ab-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6a1b78472fc5c67a421bc415b7a211ab:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Personal Goals EssayFig 1:FORMAL GOALS Personal goals of managersINFORMAL Perceived goals of officially statedGOALS the organisation organisation goalsPersonal goals of other membersof the organisationthe reason and purposeof the organisationFigure 1 shows the different types of informal goals that lead to the overall formal goals of the organisation. Inter-linked with the organisational goals are the objectives. These can be interpreted as being the same as goals, but they do differ. The goals are the basis for the objectives and are quantified roles of the organisation. They set out more specifically the goals, the aims to be achieved and the desired end-results. As with the goals, the objectives too will be broken down into different sections within the company. The corporate objectives also need to be broken down into compatible and functional objectives, so as all departments can contribute their part in maintaining the overall specifications. Large companies would have to subdivide the organisation as a whole to make there corporate mission more appropriate. This can be achieved by splitting into functional areas or geographical areas, where the managers are made responsible for all of the functions carried out within their region. The most logical and relevant divisions for strategic planning purposes are called strategic planning units (Subs). Subs are normally defined as being divisions of an organisation where the managers have control over their own

Nature Nurture Or Both Essay free essay sample

Nature / Raising Or Both! Essay, Research Paper Nature / Raising or Both! The contention over what determines who we are, whether it is Nature ( heredity, our biological do up ) or Nurture ( our environment ) is taking a new form. Through the past decennaries, psychologists have developed different theories to explicate the features of human-beings ; how we feel, think and behave. Normally, these theories were one directional in the nature / nurture inquiry. Today, a new attack to cover with this inquiry is emerging. This new attack finds a in-between land between nature and raising. The decision that nature and raising are complementary and work manus and manus to determine a behaviour ( a purposeful and meaningful activity ) is non a via media ; it is a consequence of a vigorous survey of each of the constituents of the equation of heredity and environment and their affects on finding one # 8217 ; s development and behaviour. In fact, the more we understand about development and behaviour, the more obvious it becomes that nature and raising are likewise influences instead than determiners, non merely singly but besides in combination. We will write a custom essay sample on Nature Nurture Or Both Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Here below, I will enterprise to expose the taking theories covering with the inquiry of nature V. raising. I will besides seek to show the 3rd, new-emerging attack meant to work out the enigma of? What is it that makes us who we are? ? ? Our cistrons made us. We animate beings exist for their saving and are nil more than their street arab endurance machines. ? This is what Richard Darwin provinces in his book: The Selfish Gene. In his international best marketer book, he argues that we are simply a merchandise of our cistrons and our chief intent in life is to function the cistrons, become distribution agents and guarantee their proliferation. Before we take any base to Darwin # 8217 ; s statement, allow us familiarise ourselves with what is meant when the term nature is used. Nature represents what we are born with and can non command. Our biological do up is determined by the cistrons we receive from our parents ( reside in the 23 braces of chromosomes, 23 from each parent. ) ? A cistron is a section of DNA or a sequence of bases in Deoxyribonucleic acid that codes for a functional merchandise, ? ( Tortora, Microbiology. P. 575. ) These cistrons non merely impact our mentality, but besides play a important function in finding our behaviour and our wellbeing. ? Through new familial surveies, clinical observation, and research on indistinguishable twins and adopted kids, we are going progressively cognizant that many of the human features antecedently taken for granted as merchandises of childhood raising and environment are rooted in the familial matrix. ? , ( Neubrauer, Peter. p 38 ) Surveies of indistinguishable twins reared apart have provided research workers with a batch of hints about the function of heredity in every twenty-four hours life behaviour. Twins ( monozygotes ) are of extraordinary importance when analyzing heredity because they portion indistinguishable transcripts of cistrons. An interesting survey on twin brothers who were separated at birth and raised in different states by several adoptive parents showed that they both kept their lives neat, # 8216 ; neat to the point of pathology. # 8217 ; Their apparels were preened, assignments met exactly on clip. When asked about the ground they felt to be so clean, the first one replied ? My female parent. When I was turning up she ever kept the house absolutely ordered. She insisted on every small thing returned to its proper topographic point, # 8230 ; I learned from her. What else could I make? ? When his twin brother was asked the same inquiry he answered? The ground is rather simple. I # 8217 ; m responding to my female parent, who was an absolute sloven. ? , ( Neubrauer, Peter P 21 ) In this illustration, we see a natural penchant based on heredity. Both twins blamed their female parents for their behaviours, while none of the female parents required such spruceness. Another survey on heredity and alcohol addiction conducted by Goodwin et Al ( 1973 ) indicated that adoptees with alcoholic parents were four times more likely to go alkies than those without, although there was no such relationship with intoxicant abuse in adoptive parents, ( Pelle, Stanton. p 2 ) . Even though scientists have merely identified 16,000 out of the entire 100,000 cistrons, many psychological diseases are on the brink of being unraveled. Take for case schizophrenic disorder, a diseas vitamin E characterized by ( hallucinations, psychotic beliefs, level or inappr opriate emotional look, paranoia and suspicion ) . New findings point out to its relatedness to genetic sciences. Familial markers for schizophrenic disorder are founded on chromosomes 22, 6, 13, 8 and 9, ( De Angelis, Tori. Boston Earth. ) These illustrations reveal the familial function in our development. They besides expose our sensitivity to certain traits and behaviours. The 2nd cantonment sitting on the other side of the fencing is the advocators for raising. Here, nurture represents our surrounding: parents, class-mates, co-workers, our value system and our society as a whole. Peoples in this cantonment argue that adult male is a merchandise of his environment. Some extremists went every bit far as stating: give us any new born baby and we will determine him/her merely the manner we privation, by puting him/her in the coveted environment. ? As one grows from babyhood to adulthood, societal experience plays a critical and changeless function in the ordinance of growing, behaviour and emotions, ? ( Glick, Marion E. ) Here we are told that societal want at different phases of development can take to abnormalcies in the emphasis endocrine system, which may bring forth terrible and long- enduring physical, nervous and psychological effects. It is besides interesting to see the gender differences due to the alteration in enviroment. Few deacades ago, adult females were considered inferior to work forces in their accomplishments. Today, eventhough the misconception of gender functions in society is still present, we can clearly see the spread between work forces and adult females contracting due to the alteration in enviorment. The new school emerging to assist convey the nature raising statement to remainder professes that there is no war between nature and raising. Indeed, such war would be absurd because it is the interaction of nature and raising that defines our behaviour and wellbeing. Here, a inquiry as? WHY DID YOU STEEL THE CAR? ? , can non be answered by: THE DEVIL MADE ME DO IT, or better yet, MY GENES MADE ME Make IT. In understanding a behaviour, both nature and raising are taken to consideration. ? Furthermore, it is absolutely obvious that human societal life is related to human biological science # 8230 ; Of class, neither biological nor cultural fatalists of all time wish wholly to except the significance of the other. ? ( R.C Lewontin. p.267- 268. ) Many psychological unwellnesss can be explained as a consequence of combined genetic sciences and environmental factors. As already stated in this paper, schizophrenic disorder has familial footing. It is besides a fact that this mental disease is triggered by environmental factors including household factors and external emphasis. Paul Grobstein, in his article? Genes, Environments, and Individual Choice? explains that? In human development and behaviour, as in the development and behaviour of all other life beings, the genome and the environment alternatively fruitfully interact with one another, both lending unique and valuable information to the outgrowth of typical persons? It is besides notable to advert that no two persons are the same. Not even monozygotic twins have the same environment. ? Every individual is a alone and nonrecurrent? , ( Dobzhansky, Theodosius. p.8 ) In amount, in this paper we can reason that our development and behaviour are merchandises of the interaction between nature and nuture. Scientists confirm that we are predisposed to certain traits and behaviours, but this sensitivity is susceptible to alteration by genetic sciences every bit good as environmental factors. We can no longer brood on the inquiry # 8220 ; Is it Nature or Nurture That Determines Who We Are? # 8221 ; We learn that it is thcombination of these two critical factors that form and specify our development and behaviour. Work Cited Dangles, Tori. ? Chromosomes contain hints on sxhizophrenia? , Bsoton Globe, Feb17-97 Dobzhansky, Theodosius. Genetic Diverisy A ; Human Equality.1973 Glick, Marion E. ? Behavior and the Brain: A New View of the Narure-Nurture Debate. ? Online. Internet.http// : www.rockefeller.edu/pubinfo/neurolecutre.nr.html. Feb.6 -1996 Neubauer, Peter. Nature # 8217 ; s Thumprint,1990 Pelle, nton.Online.Internet.http: //www.frw.uva.nl/acd/isg/drugs/peele/lib/genetics.html. . Feb.17-97 5:00PM R.C. Lewontin. Not In Our Genes. 1984 Richard, Darwin. Selfish Gene, 2nd.edition.1989 Torta, Gerald. Microbiology An Introduction, 5th. edition.1995

Organizational Feasibility in the Australian market

Beck Manufacturing and Plant Capacity

Beck Manufacturing and Plant Capacity Capacity planning is an important component in the operations of all contemporary organizations. It enables them to cater for the needs of the customer by avoiding shortages. The measure of capacity required to meet the future demands of a certain company has to be calculated using the resources at the disposal of the institution.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Beck Manufacturing and Plant Capacity specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is important to note that the estimates do not reflect the exact figures required. However, they help the management to avert any acute shortages that may occur in the future (Vonderembse White, 2013). Ratios are used in capacity planning. For example, operating ratios are used by many managers to estimate the capacity required after a specific duration of time. In this paper, a case study of Beck Manufacturing is analyzed. In the paper, the author computes the capacity of ind ividual equipment centers. In addition, the capacity of the system is determined. In addition, an analysis is provided with regards to where the focus of the company should lie if Beck wants to increase the capacity of the firm. The additional capacity that can be achieved without bottlenecks is also highlighted. Finally, the author recommends strategies through which capacity can be increased without necessarily having to acquire additional equipment. Determining the Capacity Machines and Systems Beck Company has many machines working on different operations. Each of them has a specific role to carry out in the functioning of the entire organization (Koc Ceylan, 2007). To determine output and relate it to demand in the market, it is important to calculate the capacity of these machines. It is important to note that calculating the capacity of each machine has to take into consideration the four operations of the organization (Vonderembse White, 2013).Advertising Looking f or research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Capacity of the Machine Centers Number of hours = two- 8 hours shift= 64 hours Run time per minute= 2 Number of machines =5 Reject rate= 3% Capacity of each milling machine= (2*60 hour/day) * (64+0-0 hours/day) * (1-0.02) = 7526.4/5 number of machines =1505.28. The capacity for each milling machine is 1505.28/ hour The capacity for grinding machines Number of hours = 64 hours Run time per minute = 3Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Beck Manufacturing and Plant Capacity specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Number of machines= 7 Reject rate = 5% Capacity of each grinding machine (3*60 hour/day) * (64+0-0 hours/days) * (1-0.05) = 10944/ 7 number of machines = 1563.43/ hour Capacity of boring machines Number of hours = 64 Run time per minute = 1 Number of machines = 3 Reject rate = 2 p ercentAdvertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Capacity of each boring machine = (1*60 hours/day) * (64+0-0 hours/day) * (1-0.02) = 3763.2/3 number of machines = 1254.4 /hour Capacity of drilling machines Number of hours = 64 hours Run time per minute = 2.5 Number of machines = 6 Reject rate = 7 percent Capacity of each drilling machine = (2.5*60 hours/day) * (64+0-0 hours/day) * (1-0.07) = 9896.91/ 6 number of machines = 1649.48 /hour Capacity of the System The system’s capacity is a function of the operations presented. Beck manufacturing plant has a total of four operations. The system capacity will be based on these functions. System capacity = 1505.28+ 1563.43+ 1254.4+ 1649.48 = 5972.59/4 number of operations = 1493.1475 System capacity = 1493. 1475/ hour Recommended Focus of the Company in order to Expand Capacity Expanding the capacity of the manufacturing company can be achieved through various strategies. One of them entails increasing the number of machines. It is noted that the operations that are determined or constrained by machines cannot impact on the capacity of the plant if the number of people is increased. New machines are more efficient than old equipment (Koc Ceylan, 2007). Beck, the manager of the company, can double the capacity of the current production if he chooses to increase the number of machines. The two-fold increase in capacity can be achieved if the manager doubles the current number of machines. For example, if he chooses to have five new milling machines, he will increase the number to 10. The current productivity will be doubled in the process. Consequently, the capacity of the company will rise. Increasing Capacity While Avoiding Bottlenecks Enhancing the capacity of operations is associated with a number of challenges. They include increased operational costs and the need to retrain employees (Somers Nelson, 2003). As already indicated above, Beck can double the capacity of the company. However, he should avoid causing a bottleneck in one operation in the proc ess of increasing capacity. The manager can achieve this by ensuring that the increase in the number of machines is done uniformly in all operations. Expanding the Capacity without Purchasing New Equipment The proposed method of expanding the capacity of the company requires the company to purchase new equipment. The acquisition process increases costs of production for the company (Stevenson Sum, 2010). However, it is possible to increase the capacity without necessarily having to buy new machines. Beck can achieve this by repairing the old machines to increase their efficiency. The reject time in the old equipment may be brought about by wear and tear (Somers Nelson, 2003). Repairing them will help in increasing efficiency. Consequently, the capacity of the manufacturing company will be expanded without the need to purchase new machines. References Koc, T., Ceylan, C. (2007). Factors impacting innovative capacity in large-scale companies. Technovation, 27(3), 105-114. Somers, T ., Nelson, K. (2003). The impact of strategy and integration mechanisms on enterprise system value: Empirical evidence from manufacturing firms. European Journal of Operational Research, 146(2), 315-338. Stevenson, W., Sum, C. (2010). Operations management: An Asian perspective. Singapore: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Vonderembse, M., White, G. (2013). Operations management: Concepts, methods, and strategies. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc.

JB-Hi Fi Limited Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

JB-Hi Fi Limited - Essay Example A brief analysis of the notes to the financial statement pertaining to the trade payable figure presents the fact that the trade payable figure also comprises of other figures such as GST payables, deferred income and other creditors and accruals. All of these items have shown significant increase over the financial year 2012, but the most significant increase is represented by the increase in the figure of trade payables which has shown an increase of about $100,371 thousand or about 38% of the prior year balance. The trade payable balance amounts to around 91% of the total ‘Trade and other payable’ line item in the balance sheet of the company. Other balances of current liabilities line items include other financial liabilities, provisions and other current liabilities which all have shown inclining movement in the current financial year. This increase is offset to a certain extent by the increase in the figure of current tax liabilities which have decreased by ,69 0 thousand during the current financial year of 2012. The company might have decided to pay more in respect of its current tax liabilities in order to maintain a lower balance of payable for the current year. The liabilities which are likely to be settled within 12 months form the end of the financial year date are classified under the heading of current liabilities.... Question 2 The total liability balance of the company JB-Hi Fi Limited amounts to $ 626,648 thousand as at financial year ended 2012. Out of this figure, $439,481 pertains to current liabilities and the other $187,161 pertains to the non-current liabilities portion of the balance sheet. At the end of the financial the first and foremost major liability that the company has is in terms of trade payables which represent around 64% of the total liability balance of the company. Trade payables represents the balance that the company has to pay to its creditors in the normal course of the business and is usually on account of the purchase of the raw material, unassembled goods and other services. Other balance which represents a significant portion of the total liabilities of the company is borrowings which represent about 24% of the total liabilities of the company. These borrowings consists of secured bank loans which is secured by ‘a fixed and floating charge over the Groupâ€⠄¢s assets, the current market value of which exceeds the value of the loan’. Other liabilities of the company include balance such as current and non-current provisions on account of defined benefit plan and leases provisions. Question 3 The balance of the provision as represented in the ‘current liabilities’ portion of the balance sheet of the company comprises of employ benefits and lease provision. The employee benefit plans usually comprises of a defined benefit plan or a defined contribution plan. These plans are usually made for the benefit of the employees of any company and the provision balance represents a liability balance that the company has to contribute towards the particular

Writing a comprehensive research report on the use of new technology Paper

Writing a comprehensive report on the use of new technology as a part of a company's service efforts - Research Paper Example Search affects the activities of individuals and all sorts of organizations. The contribution of new technology to the economic growth can have a realization when and if the technology is put to use and diffused. Diffusion itself results from a series of individual decisions to begin using the new technology, decisions that are often the result of a comparison of the uncertain benefits of the new invention with the costs of adopting it. The benefits of from adopting new technologies, for example, wireless communications are received throughout the life of the acquired innovator. The use of new technologies enhances operations and exploits new market opportunities (Manyika, 2013). When adopted at scale across an emerging type of networked enterprise and integrated into the work processes of employees, social media, and other new technologies can boost a company’s financial performance and market share. Using technology to maximize company’s business productivity creates a platform to realize real business. The business software puts organization s in an assurance of having the tools to overcome challenges of execution on strategizing every day and prosper in today’s economic times. Companies are on the increase in focusing on managing customer relationships, the customer asset, or customer equity. The rapid growth of social media, from blogs to Twitter and Facebook, to YouTube and LinkedIn, offers organizations and companies the chance to join a conversation with millions of customers around the globe every day. The groups use social media as one way of the promotional channel. They use consumer conversations and turn the information into consumer insights that impact the bottom line (Hunt, 2013). The internet based social media emergence has started a new kind of conversation among consumers and companies. It challenges the traditional ideas on brand management and marketing while in the meantime creates alternative opportunities

Chronic condition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Chronic condition - Essay Example II diabetes then discuss the experience of the patient’s diabetes, and compare this with the typical lived experience of those suffering the same condition. It shall then present an outline of any differences in the perceptions held by the patient and their family members concerning their diabetes compared to that of the general community. Finally, it shall discuss what self-management the patient requires, as well as the discharge plan and community referrals. This case study is being carried out in order to establish clear pathways of disease processes, especially in relation to chronic diseases. Diabetes is a chronic disease which is currently affecting about 300 million people around the world. In fact, in 2004, about 3.4 million died from afflictions related to this disease. About 80% of these deaths have been seen in the poorer and middle income states and these deaths are seen to double by the year 2030 (WHO, 2011). According to the World Health Organization (2011), diabetes is a â€Å"chronic disease that occurs when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin, or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces†. This condition then leads to increased blood sugar or hyperglycaemia which, if uncontrolled, can eventually cause serious damage to the body’s nerves and blood vessels. This disease is classified into type I, which is insulin-dependent diabetes with the body’s inability to produce enough insulin for normal functioning; and to type II diabetes or non-insulin dependent diabetes which is basically the body’s ineffective u se of insulin (WHO, 2011). Type II is the more common type of diabetes and is the type which is currently affecting Ronald. And despite the ominous gravity of this disease on the human body, it is however a preventable, if not a curable illness. Ronald was first diagnosed with diabetes at the age of 57. He recalls the initial symptoms which he felt before seeking consult included: excessive thirst,

Pc Gaming And Console Gaming Media Essay

Pc Gaming And Console Gaming Media Essay Not too long ago were computers the only place to turn to, to play games online. One of the first consoles to get online capability was the Sega Dreamcast, which then paved the way for other consoles. The Dreamcast unfortunately was not successful and the company went out of business, because it could no longer support it. In 2002, PlayStation 2, Xbox, and GameCube where among the first to introduce online abilities. With the popularity, the developers knew that online capability was what gamers wanted and consoles were being made with online capability and it became a successful system. Online games are very common in the gaming world, with Microsofts Xbox Live service leading the way with 23 million registered users. Sony has some tricks up there sleeve, and has big plans for the PlayStation 3, consoles are starting to get game downloads only available on the PC. A few titles can now be played across systems, Final Fantasy XI uses this system and people with PS2, PC, and Xbox 360 can all explore the same world simultaneously. However, Computers still have the largest selection of online games. Some of the most popular games in the world are exclusive to the PC only. Games such as World of Warcraft and Counter Strike Source make up 40% of online PC gamers. There are many things to think about before deciding which device you want to buy. You have to decide what type of games you want to play, and how much money you are willing to spend, and if you need a computer for other things besides gaming. Preferably, we would all have a PC and a console, but unless youre bill gates, then a comparison of the two is needed. Multiplayer gaming has been made easy with Sony and Microsoft offering online services for their products. The PS3, and Xbox comes equipped with a network card right out of the box, making it a simple hook up to High Speed Internet connection to get into multiplayer games on Xbox Live. With Xbox Live players are able to play with people around the country rather than having to play the AI, or have to go through the hassle of inviting friends over to play. You are able to trash talk your opponents if they you where in the same room. These things are possible on a computer, but consoles are built for this right out of the box. The biggest reason PC gaming isnt bigger than console gaming is mainly the cost. Most consoles today sell for less than $500 unless its within the first couple months of release, often with a couple games included. A PC around the same graphical power as an Xbox 360, or a PS3 can cost double the price of the console. On the PC, you have a very large range of often options everywhere you look. . Prices for a high-end PCs can get expensive very quickly A desktop can start at anywhere from $1,500 to $1,700. Not that you have to spend that much but, if youre going to spend time gaming on a PC, shouldnt you make the experience worthwhile? And, that startup cost presents a serious drawback for a lot of people (Charlie Deitch, Cityweekly.net). Everything in a PC is customizable to fit the gamers needs. You can pick and chose what you want to be in your computer, and when newer technology comes out you have the power to upgrade your computer if you want to. The second most obvious advantage is simplicity. PC Gaming can be a nightmare when trying to install games. People with Xboxes or PS3s can take their newly purchased game home and be playing within a matter of minutes. There are no graphics cards to set up or motherboard drivers to update, you have the assurance that your game will work on your system unlike a computer. Console games are rented out more frequently than PC games, and more easily returned if you do not like them. It is hard to return computer games because they are easy to copy, and resale. The other problem with renting PC games they run off a CD/DVD with a serial code only working one time, so its not possible to Rent these games or return them. You have to take this into consideration when looking at the games available for both platforms. You will be able to rent games you dont want to buy, and if you do indeed buy the game you are able to return it and get something else if you are not satisfied. With the PC your return will just be simply rejected. Although sealing everything in one unit does seem like a good idea, when some of the components inside the box become out-dated there is no way to upgrade your console, or even repair your system without voiding a warranty. If you void your warranty by opening your system to try and upgrade or repair yourself then you can no longer send your Xbox in for repair meaning you have to buy a new one if you cant fix it yourself. The only safe choice you have to repairing your system is sending it back to the manufacture and waiting 4-6 weeks to get your system back. Consoles perform only one task really well; while PCs can be a wide variety of things. Some manufactures are trying to make consoles more flexible, but it is clear that it will be a long time before consoles will be able to run applications like the PC does. Keyboards use many more keys to do the same tasks you can do on a controller, but PCs offer a lot more control of the game, but it comes at a cost of hours of tutorials and practicing at the game. There is an obvious lack of connectivity between the different consoles. A lot of the games are only available to a specific type of system, which means you can only play other people who own the same system as you. This means that if you have an Xbox and your friend has a PS3 it will not be possible for you to play with each other, another example is that there is no way for a person with a PS3 to jump the countless PC World of Warcraft servers available. The PS3 has made some progress in this area, paving the way for multi platform gaming between PS3, Xbox and PC users, but there are only a couple of titles that support this, and there done very poorly. The PS3 and Xbox both have online potential and online connection is needed for these systems. But for a good effect while most people purchase a PS3 is because the online play is for free of charge. On the other hand Xbox games and or the online play are charged to the owner monthly, or yearly. These monthly charges abide from 1 month, 3 months, or a 12 month value. PC does hold many more games than console games because PC can come at a less cheap price. Also, the games do not cost as much to make as in a console game. Another big advantage PCs have over consoles is that you can use them for other things besides playing games; you can edit and create your own maps for the playing field that you want to play on. But according to the gaming magazines PCs remain ahead of the gaming world browsing from better graphics, pictures, and making more ability to have the game literally in the palm of your hand. Computer monitors are found with high promise and the most recent include for a processors powerful game system. Though when a game is released, its impossible for a company to go back and alter this game and make it better. Online gaming helps people connect to people all from around the world and interact with different variety of individuals. Different brands of computers and software generally communicated pretty well with each other. This differs from services like Xbox Live, and PS3 online. It is your only option if you want to play online, and you must have that system to play online, it is closed to everyone else that doesnt own the system you have. As your PC ages, you have the power to extend its gaming life, you can add new graphics cards, new processors, or more memory. This is not possible on a console giving the PC a huge advantage. Even though PCs prices have come down in the recent years, they are still a lot more expensive to even the most expensive console. There are ways to cut the cost on a PC, like building it yourself or ordering a gaming computer through 3rd party companies rather than Dell or Gateway; even then the prices of a PC are a lot more than a console. PCs are becoming a little less confusing, coming with more tutorials, but eventually the gamer will come upon some type of complication that interferes with their games, be it a video card driver that needs updating or components that are to new or old for games. The fact of the matter is, you arent 100% sure that a game will run perfect on your system like you can count on with a console. You never have the assurance that your game is going to run smoothly until youre actually playing the game you can no longer return, and even then you have to worry about the game crashing or choppy game play. Unlike many console games, PC games have the capability to get extremely difficult. While this can give a game depth, it can also result in many various arrays of keyboard commands and overly lengthy tutorials which one must complete in order to play the game. PC games are usually not ideal for playing on the couch, especially when the mouse and keyboard are the preferred over console controllers for first person shooting games The most recent release of consoles has a lot to offer online gamers, and if youre into sports games and racing games, then a console would be your best option. If you like playing with hundreds of other people exploring one world simultaneously or first person shooting games, then there is a great deal more to choose from on the computer. Everyday Xbox Live and PS3 are getting better, but monthly fees and service charges are still very evident, and this is very unattractive to customers. Mostly PCs are still the leading option for online gaming, and it seems as if that will continue in the future.

A foodborne disease that is estimated to have infected one third of the human population Essay

Toxoplasmosis is a foodborne disease that is estimated to have infected one third of the human population (2). Not only does Toxoplasmosis infect humans, but it is also been found in almost all of the warm-blooded animals, primarily cats (3). Toxoplasmosis was first found in 1908 by Nicolle and Manceaux in the cells of the gundi, a type of rodent, in Brazil. It was also found by Splendore to be in the tissues of a rabbit. Fifteen years later, in 1923, a fatal case of toxoplasmosis was reported in a child. Finally in 1939, toxoplasmosis was identified as a cause of human disease (2). Toxoplasmosis seemed to first be described by Toxoplasmosis is caused by a parasite called Toxoplasma gondii. Toxoplasma gondii has two   types of hosts, a definitive and an intermediate. Cats are the only definitive hosts for Toxoplasma gondii meaning that only when the parasite infects the cat will it produce oocysts (eggs). Toxoplasma gondii will not produce eggs in other warm-blooded animals. When the cat digests food that contains this parasite, the Toxoplasma gondii inside of the cat will be released into the digestive tract where it will then multiply and produce oocysts in the small intestine. This process is called intraintestinal infection cycle. The parasite is released in large quantities through the feces. The cat will also start shedding oocysts after 3 days of being infected and will continue to shed for 10 to 14 days. T he oocysts are very resilient and can survive up to a year. Other oocysts in the cat penetrate deeper into the intestine and develop tachyzoite which is the parasite’s form of rapid growth. The tachyzoite spreads throughout the body and start the extraintestinal infection cycle. When the immune system responds, the tachyzoite go into their resting stage and become bradyzoites, which is a slow growing form (3). A human or any other intermediate host can then be exposed to the parasite through either eating meat contaminated with the parasite or accidently (or not) swallowing cat feces (1). The oocysts are not immediately infectious as they must first go through a process called sporulation which takes from one to five days. Once the sporulated oocysts are in the intermediate host, they develop tissue cysts which stay in the host for life (3). When Toxoplasma gondii enters the human host, tachyzoites begin to develop and infect various organs. The parasite then enters the brain and creates oocysts. It then establishes a â€Å"chronic infection† which taxes the immune system (4). Toxoplasmosis usually doesn’t show any for most people. Severe cases of toxoplasmosis usually develop in babies whose mother was infected by toxoplasmosis or by people with compromised immune systems such as people with HIV. Some people with mild cases of toxoplasmosis may exhibit flu-like symptoms with swollen nymph glands along with sore muscles for a month or more. However, the severe cases can cause individuals to develop encephalitis along with eye and other organ damage. Patients may begin to experience pain that is accompanied by a bright light along with reduced vision and redness of the eye (1). Toxoplasmosis 1 http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/toxoplasmosis/ 2 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2704023/?tool=pubmed 3 http://www.vet.cornell.edu/fhc/brochures/toxo.html 4 http://schizophreniabulletin.oxfordjournals.org/content/33/3/745.full Penicillium chrysogenum 5 http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/toms_fungi/nov2003.html 6 http://www.biology.ed.ac.uk/research/groups/jdeacon/microbes/penicill.htm 7 http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio203/s2008/kitzmann_step/

Gasland and the Social Conflict Theory Essay

Gasland can be examined using the social conflict theory of socialism. There are three main theories of socialism: structural functional, social conflict, and symbolic interaction. The reason for social conflict being the best candidate for Gasland is because it shows how much power, wealth, and prestige the government can hold among the U.S. population. Josh Fox is the main character in the documentary, Gasland, and he can sell his land for $100,000 to the government for them to put in natural gas areas and drill wells for it. Other home owners with much land would do this to get money but then once the natural gas was set all over their land, there was a problem. After the wells were drilled, water started going â€Å"bad† and people became ill because of the contaminated water. For example, one family’s water was so polluted that their water was able to catch on fire. Another example of bad water was that the animals on a farm would drink this water and start losing their hair. These many stories swept over the United States as Josh Fox went around to homes with this natural gas-water problem interviewing folks who were all deeply concerned for their well-being. Water started turning yellowish-brown and citizens had to go into town just to buy bottles of water to bathe in and drink. It became a huge social conflict that escaladed slowly but surely. To conclude this short essay, social conflict clearly examines in this film that how opposing interests run through every layer of society. The constant balancing of trying to progress the U.S. environment is difficult when it is happening at a rapid pace. Striving for more power may just be the main cause of social conflict.

King Baldwin I of Jerusalem essays

King Baldwin I of Jerusalem essays Baldwin of Boulogne I, brother to Godfrey of Boullion, Count of Edessa and King of Jerusalem. Baldwin was one of the eight chief lay leaders of the first Crusade (Setton 21). He died in 1118, which marked an end of an era. Baldwin was the last of the original leaders of the firs Crusade (Setton 408). He founded the first Latin state in the east, the county of Edessa. He founded and transformed Jerusalem into a monarchy state. Helped in the capture of Tripoli. Established the county of Tripoli into the fourth and last state of the east. With only small means at his disposal he accomplished many things, like founding the county Edessa with a few knights. Then he took over Jerusalem after his brother Godfrey, who had left it weak torn by factionalism and surrounded by enemies. He left Jerusalem a strong and powerful state. He revived and maintained commerce with the Moslem who he was there to fight in the first place. He never had a naval fleet but still had coastal conqu ests and protection. He had sea routes protected to the west by obtaining the help of the Italian Naval Fleet. The numbered of troops which Baldwin had can be compared to a modern day battalion, which would consist roughly of about 1,200 troops. With a small army by his side he was able to protect his small state and leave it aggressive, helping the Latin states to the north and extending his own territory (Setton 409). Baldwin was known as a conqueror to the day of his death. His worst enemies Al-Afdal of Egypt and Tughtigin of Demascus gave up hope of ever over throwing him. Before going on the first crusade Baldwin took his time before accepting to go with his brother Godfrey. Since he was the youngest of the three brothers he had no inheritance left to him. He saw this as a great opportunity to go out and conqueror his own land. In 1096 they arrived in Constantinople, Godfrey was asked to the palace to pledge his alliance to the emper...

The History of WWI Hospital Ship, the HMHS Britannic

The History of WWI Hospital Ship, the HMHS Britannic In the early 20th century an intense competition existed between British and German shipping companies which saw them battle to build larger and faster ocean liners for use in the Atlantic. The key players including Cunard and White Star from Britain and HAPAG and Norddeutscher Lloyd from Germany. By 1907, White Star had given up the pursuit of the speed title, known as the Blue Riband, to Cunard and began focusing on constructing larger and more luxurious ships. Led by J. Bruce Ismay, White Star approached William J. Pirrie, head of Harland Wolff, and ordered three massive liners which were dubbed the Olympic-class. These were designed by Thomas Andrews and Alexander Carlisle and incorporated the latest technologies. The first two ships of the class, RMS Olympic and RMS Titanic, were laid down in 1908 and 1909 respectively and were built in neighboring shipways in Belfast, Ireland. Following the completion of Olympic and launching of Titanic in 1911, work began on the third vessel, Britannic. This ship was laid down on November 30, 1911. As work moved forward in Belfast, the first two ships proved star-crossed. While Olympic was involved in a collision with the destroyer HMS Hawke in 1911, Titanic, foolishly dubbed unsinkable, sank with a loss of 1,517 on April 15, 1912. Titanics sinking led to dramatic changes in Britannics design and to Olympic returning to the yard for alterations. Design Powered by twenty-nine coal-fired boilers driving three propellers, Britannic possessed a similar profile to its earlier sisters and mounted four large funnels. Three of these were functional, while the fourth was a dummy which served to provide extra ventilation to the ship. Britannic was intended to carry around 3,200 crew and passengers in three different classes. For first class, luxurious accommodations were available along with lavish public spaces. While the second class spaces were quite good, Britannics third class was considered more comfortable than its two predecessors. Assessing the Titanic disaster, it was decided to give Britannic a double hull along with its engine and boiler spaces. This widened the ship by two feet and necessitated the installation of a larger 18,000-horsepower turbine engine in order to maintain its service speed of twenty-one knots. In addition, six of Britannics fifteen watertight bulkheads were raised to B deck to aid in containing flooding if the hull was breached. As a lack of lifeboats had famously contributed to the high loss of life aboard Titanic, Britannic was fitted with additional lifeboats and massive sets of davits. These special davits were capable of reaching lifeboats on both sides of the ship to ensure that all could be launched even if it developed a severe list. Though an effective design, some were blocked from reaching the opposite side of the ship due to the funnels. War Arrives Launched on February 26, 1914, Britannic began fitting out for service in the Atlantic. In August 1914, with work progressing, World War I began in Europe. Due to the need to produce ships for the war effort, materials were diverted from civilian projects. As a result, work on Britannic slowed. By May 1915, the same month as the loss of Lusitania, the new liner began testing its engines. With the war stagnating on the Western Front, the Allied leadership began looking to expand the conflict to the Mediterranean. Efforts to this end began in April 1915, when British troops opened the Gallipoli Campaign at the Dardanelles. To support the campaign, the Royal Navy began requisitioning liners, such as RMS Mauritania and RMS Aquitania, for use as troopships in June. Hospital Ship As casualties at Gallipoli began to mount, the Royal Navy recognized the need to convert several liners to hospital ships. These could act as medical facilities near the battlefield and could transport the more severely wounded back to Britain. In August 1915, Aquitania was converted with its troop transport duties passing to Olympic. On November 15, Britannic was requisitioned to serve as a hospital ship. As suitable facilities were constructed on board, the ship was repainted white with a green stripe and large red crosses. Commissioned at Liverpool on December 12, command of the vessel was given to Captain Charles A. Bartlett. As a hospital ship, Britannic possessed 2,034 berths and 1,035 cots for casualties. To aid the wounded, a medical staff of 52 officers, 101 nurses, and 336 orderlies was embarked. This was supported by a ships crew of 675. Departing Liverpool on December 23, Britannic coaled at Naples, Italy before reaching its new base at Mudros, Lemnos. There around 3,300 casualties were brought on board. Departing, Britannic made port at Southampton on January 9, 1916. After conducting two more voyages to the Mediterranean, Britannic returned to Belfast and was released from war service on June 6. Shortly thereafter, Harland Wolff began converting the ship back into a passenger liner. This was halted in August when the Admiralty recalled Britannic and dispatched it back to Mudros. Carrying members of the Voluntary Aid Detachment, it arrived on October 3. The Loss of the Britannic Returning to Southampton on October 11, Britannic soon departed for another run to Mudros. This fifth voyage saw it return to Britain with around 3,000 wounded. Sailing on November 12 with no passengers, Britannic reached Naples after a five-day run. Briefly detained in Naples due to bad weather, Bartlett took Britannic to sea on the 19th. Entering the Kea Channel on November 21, Britannic was rocked by a large explosion at 8:12 AM which struck the starboard side. It is believed that this was caused by a mine laid by U-73. As the ship began to sink by the bow, Bartlett initiated damage control procedures. Though Britannic had been designed to survive taking heavy damage, the failure of some watertight doors to close due to damage and malfunction ultimately doomed the vessel. This was aided by the fact that many of the lower deck portholes were open in an effort to ventilate the hospital wards. In an effort to save the ship, Bartlett turned to starboard in the hope of beaching Britannic on Kea, approximately three miles away. Seeing that the ship would not make it, he ordered abandon ship at 8:35 AM. As the crew and medical staff took to the lifeboats, they were aided by local fishermen and, later, the arrival of several British warships. Rolling on its starboard side, Britannic slipped beneath the waves. Due to the shallowness of the water, its bow hit the bottom while the stern was still exposed. Bending with the weight of the ship, the bow crumpled and the ship vanished at 9:07 AM. Despite taking similar damage as Titanic, Britannic only managed to remain afloat for fifty-five minutes, approximately one-third the time of its older sister. Conversely, losses from the sinking of Britannic numbered only thirty while 1,036 were rescued. One of those rescued was nurse Violet Jessop. A stewardess before the war, she survived the Olympic-Hawke collision as well as the sinking of Titanic. HMHS Britannic at a Glance Nation:  Great BritainType:  Hospital ShipShipyard:  Harland Wolff (Belfast, Northern Ireland)Laid Down:  November 30, 1911Launched:  February 26, 1914Fate:  Sunk by mine on November 21, 1916 HMHS Britannic  Specifications Displacement:  53,000 tonsLength:  882 ft., 9 in.Beam:  94 ft.Draft:  34 ft. 7 in.Speed:  23 knotsComplement:  675 men Sources WebTitanic: HMHS BritannicHMHS BritannicLost Liners: HMHS Britannic

Critique of British Foreign Policy in Regard of Libyan Revolution 2011 Essay

Critique of British Foreign Policy in Regard of Libyan Revolution 2011 - Essay Example It also involves the analysis of the influence implied by the International community and the British Government. The Economy One of the interesting policies implored include the two primary sources of revenue for Libya’s transitional government being unfrozen assets and revenues from the oil industry. The role of the British Government and the international community become helping the Libyan authorities to develop the transparency and accountability mechanism necessary to ensure that the public finances in Libya are spent equally and in a rational manner.1 Another priority going forwards will be the development of Libya’s economy beyond its oil industry. In addition to creating employment, economic diversification is pertinent to ameliorating democratic accountability which is realized when a government is incapable of solely drawing on revenues accrued from natural resources for its income, but must also rely on the enterprise of its citizens. 2 Security Rival militi as continue to operate beyond the control of the National Transitional Council (NTC), in multiple areas including in the capital Tripoli. The holistic make-up of the nouveau transitional cabinet has unequivocally channeled it efforts towards ameliorating the sentiments of militia which gravitate towards their community/area being adequately represented at the decision-making table. The NTC’s declare interest in integrating militia into the defense forces of the state is indisputable in tandem with security concerns of the state. Concurrently, this will result in accomplishing the twin objectives of availing militiamen with opportunities for employment and bolstering the country’s underdeveloped security capabilities.3 The role for the British Government and the international community in Libya’s Domain is split in two. The assisting in the equipping and training of the Libyan security and the police force regardless of the fact that the NTC remains reticent to i nclude outsiders in its security affairs at the present state. The second part is assisting the Libyan authorities to secure the huge number of weapons including chemical weapons, which are unsecured.4 The Tripoli authorities are trying effortlessly to get the situation in the nation’s capital under control. An ultimatum has been issued to the brigades that insist that they should leave by 20th December. This was done in conjunction with the Tripoli Military council insisting that the streets would be barricaded if the external militias had not conceded by then. The NTC’s interim prime minister contradicted to the councils implying that confrontations were not the best way around the situation. Regardless of this, an announcement was made that a major militia group of freedom fighters alien to Tripoli had agreed to leave. He decided not to mention the identity of the militia group though leading to slight speculation on the validity of the statement.5 Others members of the interim government further portrayed their support for believing that militias could be persuaded to leave or disarm from the capital though this was made with no profound deadline. Future Role of Islamist movements in Libya The function of Islam in Libya’s public and political life is highly likely in its future structure. However, the aspiration for democracy in Libya is legit and almost no Libyan is interested in the entrenchment of a theocratic state.

Social responsibility in finance decision making Essay - 1

Social responsibility in finance decision making - Essay Example Further, Monsanto CSR initiatives, the influence they have had on stakeholders and company image, with recommendations provided for improvement of CSR at Monsanto. Monsanto failed to meet CSR needs in two instances that seriously affected the business and formed the platform for more CSR initiatives that have allowed the business to receive global recognition, win back the confidence of the consumers, and achieve success in environmental conservation. Monsanto is a leading seed company globally specializing in biotechnology and genetic manipulation of organisms for the development of cheaper and resistant food and crops. Monsanto inserts genes to existing plant genes as a measure of augmenting disease resistance and yields. The effect is the production of drought resistant, more productive, and disease resistant plants known as genetically modified organisms GMO. Monsanto has achieved global success in terms of the supply of Agent O, saccharin, vanilla flavouring, artificial sweeteners, petroleum, packaging Roundup herbicides, petroleum, and GMO seeds. Despite the success, Monsanto faced CSR issues that seriously affected the firm and realized the importance of CSR taking several initiatives in correcting the situation and making several gains in the end. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) at Monsanto was not at the forefront of the company’s operations in the past, as is the case in recent years. For example, there are instances where Monsanto inflicted harm on a number of stakeholders for the sake of the firm’s profits that was the main aim of the firm at the time. Monsanto was not very cognisant of the CSR it had on a number of stakeholders. Monsanto’s production of Agent Orange in 1970’s for the deforestation of Vietnamese jungles forms the case where the company neglected its CSR responsibilities in favour of profit making (Ferrel et al., 2013). Agent Orange, as it was later discovered, contained a carcinogenic

E-business system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

E-business system - Essay Example On a broad analysis, the effect of e-commerce in people’s life has not been only in one dimension but through a wide spectrum of use, internet has been widely adopted for use in matters of shopping and transacting almost all bank procedures. Online shopping for various goods as well as services have not left consumer goods and services unattended to and according to the ‘Nielsen Global Consumer Report June 2010’ shopping for goods and services have had great evolution in the onset of online shopping (The Nielsen Company, 2010, p. 2). The advent of online stores through which sellers displays their goods and services and through which consumers shop for their consumer goods characterizes today’s commerce industry. Debates have however shaped the discussions about the topic of e banking; why the modern day banking institutions are adopting the e-commerce practices through adoption of such technologies as the internet for performing the transactions as against the traditional physical banking practices. Supporters of the practice of physical/manual banking procedures (who often are the older generation (Madden, 2010, p. 2), and who are opposed to the electronic banking practices, reasons that banking physically is easy and entails little logistics. It only gives one opportunities to conduct the banking procedures physically/manually where one-one interactions are preferred to the electronic practices. On the other hand, the supporters of the online banking practices affirm that the practice is more convenient than the physical banking in that one would have access to banking services such as withdrawals, transfers as well as transacting other complex banking transactions without physically visiting a banking facility (Hazel and Raphael, 2001, p. 4). The decisions to offer the online banking services by banking institutions may therefore stem from various reasons such as the convenience to customers, the good returns in use of internet fo r the procedures (which reduces the human labor costs incurred) and the general advancement of technology as is widely acknowledged in the current era. However, the evaluation of the advantages as well as associated factors that influence the adoption of online banking methods by different banking institutions takes to cognition that these services adopted vary from one region to another and from one country to another (Diniz, Porto and Adachi, 2004, p. 41-42). Institutional frameworks and culture within countries and the governments may have influence on the choice of methods of banking practices such as the internet banking. For instance, among some cultures, technological advancement is not appreciated and hence the effect to adoption of online practices such as banking would be unfavorable (Tan and Teo, 2000, p. 1-4). 2.0 DISCUSSION There has been noted evolution within the practice as necessitated by the

The War Play Dilemma Essay Example for Free

The War Play Dilemma Essay As violence in the media and media-linked toys increases, parents and teachers are also seeing an increase in childrens war play. The authors have revised this popular text to provide more practical guidance for working with children to promote creative play, and for positively influencing the lessons about violence children are learning. Using a developmental and sociopolitical viewpoint, the authors examine five possible strategies for resolving the war play dilemma and show which best satisfy both points of view: banning war play; taking a laissez-faire approach; allowing war play with specified limits; actively facilitating war play; and limiting war play while providing alternative ways to work on the issues. New for the Second Edition: * More anecdotal material about adults and childrens experiences with war play, including examples from both home and school settings. * Greater emphasis on the impact of media and commercialization on childrens war play, including recent trends in media, programming, marketing, and war toys. * Expanded discussion about the importance of the distinction between imitative and creative war play. * Summary boxes of key points directed at teachers or parents. * New information about violent video games, media cross feeding, and gender development and sex-role stereotyping. * A more extensive list of resources and further reading for adults and children. Here is a short pdf article by one of the authors on some of these themes: Beyond Banning War and Superhero Play http://www.lionlamb.org/young%20children-war%20play.pdf A few key ideas from the book: The deregulation of childrens media during the early 1980s (Reagan administration) led to an alliance of media companies and toy companies and other companies (like food companies); the result of this is an immersion for many children in an interlinked experience of seeing media about violence, purchasing related action figures and toys and video games, and  having these items promoted every place they go (whether to buy fast-food or just in other kids homes). This is a big change from the media environment from the 1960s and 1970s that many of todays parents grew up in. The authors point out that the behaviors promoted by this alliance tend to be very sex-role stereotypical, as in boys need to be fighters and girls need to be princesses. For many children, the authors suggest they can get locked into a pattern of endless cycling through stereotyped behaviors. While it is true that knights and princesses have long been important parts of many childrens play (so this is not intended to dismiss that), what has changed for some children is the tone and extremeness of those experience because of the high degree of continual interrelated media/toy/game/food saturation. Rather than children being able to express themselves building on those knight/princess themes in their own unique ways, because of the integrated marketing, for many children there becomes only one way to be a knight or a princess (as defined by some media and accompanying purchased toys to be used in only very precise and narrow ways). The book focuses mainly on the boy part of this equation. One of the authors has writings on the female stereotyping aspect of media and other issues, described here: http://www.dianeelevin.com/writing.html The dilemma is about a fundamental conflict parents face when dealing with war play. On the one hand, most parents want children to grow and develop by working through developmental issues (like learning to deal with conflict, learning self-control, and learning respect for themselves and others through play, including play involving conflicts as hands-on-learning). On the other hand, most parents want to convey social values related to their beliefs about violence and war as ways to solve social conflicts. The authors clearly do not say all war play is bad, and they also point out that even a cracker can be turned into a gun with one bite. The authors say there are no easy general answers to this dilemma in all situations, but provide a range of options. They suggest younger kids have trouble distinguishing between fantasy and reality, and when children are getting hurt, they suggest pointing out to the children what is obvious to any adult, that some other child is just pretending to be a bad guy and they are not really a bad guy. (It can also helps to try to break out of the bad guy / good guy  mindset entirely, to talk about bad actions instead of bad people.) There are a variety of things one can say and do for children who have gotten locked into a repetitive cycle of war play. They give examples of questions to ask to try to help children broaden their behavioral options in regard to war play. These range from asking how the weapons are supposed to work, asking what if the weapon did some other thing (like sprayed foam instead of bullets), to asking what the bad guy does when he is not fighting. As an example of expanding behavioral possibilities, perhaps an interest in, say, light sabers might eventually lead to an interest in math and physics. Here are some funny related web pages: http://entertainment.howstuffworks.com/lightsaber.htm Have you ever wondered how these remarkable weapons work? Where does the energy come from, and how are they able to contain that energy in a rod-like column of glowing power? In this article, you will have a chance to look inside a lightsaber and discover the source of its incredible characteristics. Lets get started! And an interest in light sabers might lead to imagining other non-stereotyped uses for one, also from that site: http://entertainment.howstuffworks.com/lightsaber3.htm If you are lucky enough to acquire a lightsaber, you are probably purchasing it for personal defense purposes. A lightsaber completely blows away a can of pepper spray as a deterrent in muggings or robberies. However, many new owners are pleasantly surprised by the many domestic uses of a lightsaber around the home or office. Lets examine a few of the more common applications here, and then you can use your imagination to come up with others. One example there is how a lightsaber can both cut and toast a bagel at the same time. 🙂 From the table of contents, here is the list of topics in their Guidelines for Resolving the War Play Dilemma (each topic has a few pages of explanation and suggestions): * Guideline 1: Limit Childrens Exposure to Violence * Guideline 2: Help Children Engage in Creative and Meaningful Dramatic Play * Guideline 3: Learn as Much as You Can [about the media scenes kids view] * Guideline 4: In Childrens War Play, Address the Issues * Guideline 5: Work to Counteract the Lessons About Violence and  Stereotyping * Guideline 6: Make Keeping the Play Safe You Highest Priority * Guideline 7: Limit the Use of Highly Structured Violent Toys * Guideline 8: Work to Counteract Highly Stereotyped and Limiting Gender Roles * Guideline 9: Create an Ongoing Dialog Between Educators and Parents In my own life, I grew up being taught in public school that I lived in a modern day Athens. As Ive grow older, and paid more attention to politics and where taxes go, it feels more to me more like I live in a modern day Sparta. 🙠 Here is a long list of where many of our tax dollars have gone: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_States_military_history_events I was surprised to learn how long that list is, regardless of how one feels about the value of any specific event. Ive come to agree with the late Major General Smedley D. Butler (USMC Retired), based on his decades of combat experience, that War is a Racket: http://www.lexrex.com/enlightened/articles/warisaracket.htm Major General Butler talks about what war means for adults in our society in his essay. He starts: War is a racket. It always has been. It is possibly the oldest, easily the most profitable, surely the most vicious. It is the only one international in scope. It is the only one in which the profits are reckoned in dollars and the losses in lives. A racket is best described, I believe, as something that is not what it seems to the majority of the people. Only a small inside group knows what it is about. It is conducted for the benefit of the very few, at the expense of the very many. Out of war a few people make huge fortunes. And it seems that, even while The War Play Dilemma book does not address that sort of global issue, a related profit motive seems to have seeped down over the past couple of decades into the media and toy environment that shapes part of our childrens lives (even against our wishes). It seems a few people are making a lot of money at the expense of our childrens balanced lives, to the degree war play has changed over the past few decades to become more and more commercially driven in all pervasive integrated ways (as documented in The War Play Dilemma). So, sadly, Id suggest War Play is a Racket, too. 🙠 And it is easy to say Well, if you dont believe in war play, just say no, but the fact is that just saying no is difficult in a culture saturated both in real war and in war play (without total isolation). The book talks about that difficulty.  Even just going to a local 5 10 store near where we live, about half the prominently displayed toys are war-themed action figures or weapons of various sorts an entire wall of them. Also, many types of media may start off non-violent or less-violent but turn more violent over time (whether Harry Potter as the series progresses or the Wall-e video game which about a third of the way through starts requiring inten tionally killing other robots to make progress, unlike the movie). And then there is the fact that what may be tolerable for older kids may not be so good for younger kids, so any family with two children of different ages faces another set of difficulties. Also, just saying no ignores the dilemma the fact that children do need to learn how to deal with conflict, and many do need to physically work through various issues in their growing lives in some way. The Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles concept was one of the first big profitable ventures in integrating violent-themed media with toy sales and other sales: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teenage_Mutant_Ninja_Turtles#Toys_and_merchandise That theme has made over a billion dollars for some, as described on that page: Much of the Turtles mainstream success is owed to a licensing agent, Mark Freedman, who sought out Eastman and Laird to propose wider merchandising opportunities for the offbeat property. In 1986, Dark Horse Miniatures produced a set of 15 mm lead figurines. In January 1988, they visited the offices of Playmates Toys Inc, a small California toy company who wished to expand into the action figure market. Accompanied by the popular Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles 1987 TV series, and the subsequent action figure line, the TMNT were soon catapulted into pop culture history. At the height of the frenzy, in the late 1980s and early 1990s, the Turtles likenesses could be found on a wide range of childrens merchandise, from PEZ dispensers to skateboards, breakfast cereal, toothpaste, video games, school supplies and cameras. How can you avoid something when it is in all those places? Again from Wikipedia: For many parents in the late 1980s, the Ninja Turtles phenomenon represented the latest in a series of shrewd cartoon-toy marketing strategies, a trend that had proven very profitable with Masters of the Universe, Transformers, and a host of other good vs. evil  action-adventure franchises. Parents often found themselves at odds with children who demanded scads of toys and accessories after being subjected to so-called 30 minute commercials delivered via after-school television. That Turtle concept is one of the obvious successes which has fueled a huge child-focused industry trying to repeat that financial gain by inventing the next violent characters with weapon merchandising tie-ins. Star Wars is another franchise which has been a similar success marketing to kids, in part because, while George Lucas signed away the distribution rights to the first Star Wars movie, he managed to retain the marketing rights to related products (in part because no one thought Star Wars would be very valuable as a media property). See: http://www.supershadow.com/starwars/history.html Growing up, I saw Superman, Spiderman, Batman, Star Trek, and so on on TV, and Star Wars several times in theaters, but the level of integrated marketing was much lower then, and there were many other shows for kids as well that were slower paced and generally resolved conflicts non-violently (Mr. Ed, Green Acres, Sealab 2020, the Andy Griffith Show, etc.). Even Lego now has ties to violent media. And also it was not easy to see the same episode more that once, so there was less channeling of behavior into repetitive acts. Im not saying getting lost in violent play did not happen to some kids, just that is was harder back then to be that immersed in a violent media world continuously, especially as a pre-teen (not impossible, just harder). The book explains why is a more difficult situation to deal with these days. Reading that book gave me some more perspective on the situation as a parent, and why it is so hard to come up with useful approaches, especially given the tension between a desire to help children learn by working through conflicts and a desire to pass on social values. Some other related resources Ive found useful: A book: No Contest: The Case Against Competition by Alfie Kohn http://www.amazon.com/No-Contest-Case-Against-Competition/dp/0395631254 He persuasively demonstrates how the ingrained American myth that competition is the only normal and desirable way of life from Little Leagues to the  presidency is counterproductive, personally and for the national economy, and how psychologically it poisons relationships, fosters anxiety and takes the fun out of work and play. He charges that competition is a learned phenomenon and denies that it builds character and self-esteem. Kohns measures to encourage cooperation in lieu of competition include promoting noncompetitive games, eliminating scholastic grades and substitution of mutual security for national security. Here is a small family run company that sells non-competitive games: http://www.familypastimes.com/ It amazes me it took me forty plus years before playing a board game where you help each other instead of try to virtually hurt each other. Here is another related book to understand the seductiveness of war play, both for adults and children: http://www.amazon.com/War-Force-that-Gives-Meaning/dp/1400034639 The communal march against an enemy generates a warm, unfamiliar bond with our neighbors, our community, our nation, wiping out unsettling undercurrents of alienation and dislocation, writes Chris Hedges, a foreign correspondent for the New York Times. In War Is a Force That Gives Us Meaning, Hedges draws on his experiences covering conflicts in Bosnia, El Salvador and Israel as well as works of literature from the Iliad to Hannah Arendts The Origins of Totalitarianism to look at what makes war so intoxicating for soldiers, politicians and ordinary citizens. That seductiveness in one reason that selling violent media about good versus evil is such a profitable thing in our culture. It is seductive to think all of lifes problem would go away if we could identify all the bad people responsible for making trouble and then kill them all(*) but that unfortunately all too often leads to genocide: The Eight Stages of Genocide http://www.genocidewatch.org/eightstages.htm All cultures have categories to distinguish people into us and them by ethnicity, race, religion, or nationality: German and Jew, Hutu and Tutsi. Bipolar societies that lack mixed categories, such as Rwanda and Burundi, are the most likely to have genocide. The main preventive measure at this early stage is to develop universalistic institutions that transcend ethnic or racial divisions, that actively promote tolerance and understanding, and  that promote classifications that transcend the divisions. The Catholic church could have played this role in Rwanda, had it not been riven by the same ethnic cleavages as Rwandan society. Promotion of a common language in countries like Tanzania or Cote dIvoire has also promoted transcendent national identity. This search for common ground is vital to early prevention of genocide. And an alternative view on infinite game playing from one of my wifes favorite books by James P. Carse: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finite_and_Infinite_Games In short, a finite game is played with the purpose of winning (thus ending the game), while an infinite game is played with the purpose of continuing the play. And of course, there is Mister Rogers: What do you do? (with the Mad That You Feel) http://pbskids.org/rogers/songlist/song7.html Anyway, whatever one may think about the political necessity of past or current US wars, the fact is that even for the most dedicated military families, having their own children learn diplomatic options for resolving conflicts is important, as is learning how to contain the expression of violence to whatever is deemed socially appropriate for the situation (including the difficulty of coming home after being in a war zone). While it is true that a big part of military basic training involves desensitizing people to killing other people, another big part of military training involves learning to only kill on command according to rules of engagement. For many kids playing at war, even being able to learn rules of engagement like dont shoot unarmed civilians would be an improvement. Even the top military brass advocate alternatives to violence: U.S. Military Chief Urges More Diplomacy

Essay on the Growth of Nora and Kristina Linde in Ibsens A Dolls Hous

The Growth of Nora and Kristina Linde in A Doll's House      Ã‚  Ã‚   A Doll's House by Henrik Ibsen, is a play that was written ahead of its time. In this play Ibsen tackles prevailing social norms by presenting two strong-willed women. Both Kristina and Nora chose the men they married by an intellectual rather than an emotional process: Kristina gave up the man she loved (Nils Krogstad) to provide economic security for her mother and her two younger brothers; Nora married Torvald Helmer at a time when he could have prosecuted her father for financial activities which were wrong if not simply illegal.1 Whether she married him out of thankfulness or to influence him during the time of decision is not clear, but one doubts that this timing was mere coincidence; if Nora married Torvald Helmer to save her father, we have reason to doubt that she was ever as empty-headed a "doll" as she claimed to be.    Neither woman knew how to convey her thoughts and feelings to the man she loved: When Kristina broke off with Nils Krogstad, she believed she would spare him grief by ending the relationship ruthlessly and, necessarily, crushing the love he bore her. She was badly mistaken. In making him believe that she had thrown him over for a richer man, she drove him into crime. When she comes to visit Nora she has been on her own for three years and learned how to support herself. Moreover, she has become so aware of her own motivations and such an understanding of his that she comes to the town with the deliberate intent of speaking with her now-widowed lover, and she is so beyond society's concept of what a woman should do and say in a courtship that she can begin the discussion of love and marriage with him. The audience can see that ha... ... 2. The best description of this subplot and love story is Davies (1982:33-34).    Works Cited and Consulted: Brandes, Georg. 1964. Henrik Ibsen. A Critical Study. New York: Benjamin Blom. Reprint of 1899 edition. Clurman, Harold. 1977. Ibsen. New York: Macmillan. Davies, H. Neville. 1982. "Not just a bang and a whimper: the inconclusiveness of Ibsen's A Doll's House." Critical Quarterly 24:33-34. Heiberg, Hans. 1967. Ibsen. A Portrait of the Artist. Coral Gables, Florida: University of Miami. Henrik Ibsen, A Doll's House. Dover Thrift Edition, 1992 Koht, Halvdan. 1971. Life of Ibsen. New York: Benjamin Blom. Meyer, Michael. 1971. Ibsen. A Biography. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday and Company. Northam, John. 1965. "Ibsen's Search for the Hero." Ibsen. A Collection of Critical Essays. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall.